{"id":2502,"date":"2026-10-26T23:50:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T20:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/basic-materials-in-machining\/"},"modified":"2026-10-26T23:50:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T20:50:58","slug":"basic-materials-in-machining","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/basic-materials-in-machining\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic Materials Used in Machining and Their Properties"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>To select the right tool and cutting parameters in machining processes, you need a thorough knowledge of the physical and mechanical properties of the material to be machined. The hardness, ductility, corrosion resistance and alloy structure of a material directly affect the entire manufacturing strategy, from cutting speed to insert selection.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, guided by <strong>Temak Teknik<\/strong>, we examine the steel grades, aluminium series and brass alloys most commonly encountered in machining.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Steel Grades and Applications<\/h2>\n<p>Steels are divided into different classes according to their alloying elements and intended use:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2>Carbon Steels (Construction and Free-Cutting Steels)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Stand out for their economy, ease of machining and standard strength values.<\/li>\n<li>Generally materials that are not heat-treated or can be surface-hardened (e.g. free-cutting steels, SAE 1040\/1050 construction steels).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h2>Stainless Steels<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Contain high levels of chromium and nickel. Preferred in the food, medical and defence industries for their corrosion resistance (e.g. AISI 304, 316, duplex steels).<\/li>\n<li>Because built-up edge and high heat occur during machining, special cutting tools with sharp geometries should be used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h2>Tool Steels<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Used in the manufacture of cutting tools such as taps, drills, reamers and end mills, and of paper\/sheet cutting dies. They have high hardness and wear resistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h2>Alloy Steels (Quenched and Tempered Steels)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Thanks to elements such as chromium, nickel and molybdenum, they gain high hardness, toughness and corrosion resistance after heat treatment.<\/li>\n<li>Used in plastic injection moulds and sheet metal dies where high strength is required. After heat treatment, they are machined with special ceramic or carbide inserts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. Aluminium Series and Their Role in Industry<\/h2>\n<p>With its light weight, high corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity, aluminium is an indispensable material for the aerospace, automotive and defence industries. Applications by series are as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1000 Series:<\/strong> Close to pure aluminium. Used in the packaging and food sectors; rarely machined.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2000 Series (e.g. 2024):<\/strong> Highly alloyed with magnesium. Very high elasticity but not suitable for cold bending. Used in aircraft and rocket fins.<\/li>\n<li><strong>3000 Series:<\/strong> Used in kitchenware (pan and pot bases) and deep drawing applications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>5000 Series:<\/strong> A ductile series with high weldability. Can be bent easily in sheet metal applications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>6000 Series (e.g. 6061):<\/strong> Harder than the 5000 series. Frequently preferred in machining and for defence and aerospace parts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>7000 Series (e.g. 7075 \/ Ergal):<\/strong> The hardest aluminium series, with strength close to that of construction steels. Used in the defence and medical sectors for parts requiring high strength.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. Brass (Copper-Zinc Alloy)<\/h2>\n<p>Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc with excellent corrosion resistance and machinability:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Applications:<\/strong> Widely used in plumbing fittings, valves, pneumatic and hydraulic system components and medical devices.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Machining Advantage:<\/strong> Because it breaks chips easily and requires low cutting forces on the machine, it allows high machining speeds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An overview of the steels, aluminium series and brass alloys most commonly machined, and how their properties affect tooling and cutting data.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2502\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/temak.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}